Uturemajambo n'isesengura ry'amagambo mu kinyarwanda
IYIGANTEGO
IBIRIMO
- Intego y’izina
-Izina risanzwe
-Izina ryatakaje indomo
-Izina ritagaragaramo indanganteko
-Izina ritagaragaramo indomo
n’indanganteko
-Ikomorazina mvazina
-Izina rifite akabimbura / umusuma
-Ikomorazina mvanshinga
-Izina rikomoka ku nshinga
-Izina ry’urusobe
-
- Intego ya ntera
-Ibicumbi bya ntera
-Izina ntera
- Intego
y’ibinyazina
-Ikinyazina nyereka
-Ikinyazina mbanziriza
-Ikinyazina mpamagazi
-Ikinyazina ngenera
-Ikinyazina ngenga
-Ikinyazina cy’inyunge (ngenera
ngenga)
-Ikinyazina mbaza
-Ikinyazina ndafutura
-Ikinyazina mboneranteko/
ndanganteko
-Ikinyazina nyamubaro
- Intego y’inshinga
-Imbundo isanzwe
-Imbundo ifite indomo (izina)
-Imbundo ifite impakanyi
-Imbundo ifite indangagihe
-Imbundo ifite indangacyuzuzo
-Imbundo ifite ingereka
-Inshinga itondaguye isanzwe
- Inshinga itondaguye mu ntegeko
- Inshinga itondaguye mu ndagihe
- Inshinga itondaguye mu mpitagihe
- Inshinga itondaguye mu nzagihe
-Inshinga mburabuzi / nkene
- Inshinga itondaguye ifite mbanza
- Inshinga itondaguye ifite impakanyi
- Inshinga itondaguye ifite
indangacyuzuzo
- Inshinga itondaguye ifite
ingereka
- Inshinga itondaguye ifite umusozo
waciwemo/ watandukanyijwe
-Ingirwanshinga
IYIGANTEGO
I.
INTEGO Y’IZINA
Ubusanzwe uturemajambo
tw’izina ni dutatu: Indomo (D), Indanganteko (RT), n’Igicumbi (C)
I.1 IZINA RISANZWE
|
Izina |
Inteko |
Intego |
Amategeko |
|
Imyeyo |
Nt 4 |
i-mi-eyo |
i→y/-J |
|
Abana |
Nt 2 |
a-ba-ana |
a→ø/-J |
|
Umwana |
Nt 1 |
u-mu-ana |
u→w/-J |
|
Amenyo |
Nt 6 |
a-ma-inyo |
a+i→e |
|
Indaro imwe |
Nt 9 |
i-n-raro |
r→d/n- |
|
Indaro nyinshi |
Nt 10 |
i-n-raro |
r→d/n- |
|
Udutebo |
Nt 13 |
u-tu-tebo |
t→d/-GR |
|
Igikarito |
Nt 7 |
i-ki-karito |
k→g/-GR |
|
Insina eshatu |
Nt 10 |
i-n-tsina |
t→ø/n-s |
|
Impapuro |
Nt 10 |
i-n-papuro |
n→m/-p |
|
Imfizi yanjye |
Nt 9 |
i-n-pfizi |
n→m/-p, p→ø/m-f |
|
Imbeba zose |
Nt 10 |
i-n-beba |
n→m/-b |
|
Imvura |
Nt 9 |
i-n-vura |
n→m/-v |
|
Inama yarangiye |
Nt 9 |
i-n-nama/
i-ø-nama |
n→ø/-n / Nta tegeko |
|
Inama zabaye |
Nt 10 |
i-n-nama/
i-ø-nama |
n→ø/-n / Nta tegeko |
|
Inyoni |
Nt 9/10 |
i-n-nyoni/
i-ø-nyoni |
n→ø/-ny / Nta tegeko |
|
Icyayi |
Nt 7 |
i-ki-ayi |
i→y/-J, ky→cy mu myandikire |
|
Inzoga |
Nt 9/10 |
i-n-yoga |
y→z/n- |
|
Inzugi |
Nt 10 |
i-n-ugi |
Hari ibicumbi bifata “z” mu nt 10 |
|
Inzuzi (z’amazi) |
Nt 10 |
i-n-uzi |
Hari ibicumbi bifata “z” mu nt 10 |
|
Inzuzi
(ibihaza) |
Nt 10 |
i-n-yuzi |
y→z/n- |
|
Inzabya |
Nt10 |
i-n-abya |
Hari ibicumbi bifata “z” mu nt 10 |
|
Inzembe |
Nt10 |
i-n-embe |
Hari ibicumbi bifata “z” mu nt 10 |
|
Inzabya |
Nt 10 |
i-n-abya |
Hari ibicumbi bifata “z” mu nt 10 |
|
Imungu |
Nt 9/10 |
i-n-mungu/
i-ø-mungu |
n→ø/-m / Nta tegeko |
|
Imfunguzo |
Nt 10 |
i-n-funguzo |
n→m/-f |
|
Inzara (y’ibiryo) |
Nt 9/10 |
i-n-yara |
y→z/n- |
|
Inzara (z’amano) |
Nt 10 |
i-n-ara |
Hari ibicumbi bifata “z” mu nt 10 |
|
Isi |
Nt 9 |
i-ø-si |
Nta tegeko |
|
Isaro |
Nt 5 |
i-ø-saro |
Nta tegeko |
|
Isusa |
Nt 5 |
i-ø-susa |
Nta tegeko |
|
Iriba |
Nt 5 |
i-ø-riba |
Nta tegeko |
IMPUGUKIRWA:
- Iyo ushaka intego
y’izina ni byiza guhera ku ndomo,
igicumbi hanyuma, indanganteko kuko iyo indomo
n’igicumbi byujuje izina ryose indanganteko iba itagaragara neza (-ø-).
- Inteko ya 9 ivuga
gusa izina riri mu bumwe naho iya 10 ni iy’izina riri mu bwinshi, ni
ngombwa cyane kwita ku buryo izina ryakoreshejwe mbere yo kuvuga inteko
yaryo.
- Amazina akomoka ku
nshinga ashobora gusesengurwa ku buryo bubyerekana (isesengura nkomoko)
Ingero:-
Indaro : kurara : i-n-rar-o r→d/n-
- Imfunguzo: gufunga/ gufungura: i-n-fung-ur-y-o n→m/-f, r+y→z
- Imungu: kumunga : i-n-mung-u n→ø/-m
I.2 AMAZINA AFITE INTEGO YIHARIYE
Izina ry’iritirano n’izina ribanjirijwe n’impakanyi
“nta” indangahantu “ku na mu” rishobora gutakaza indomo.
Ingero: -Nta muntu
wageze mu nama ku kigo cy’amashuri.
-Perezida wa repubulika yatashye ku
mugaragaro inyubako nshya ya banki
nkuru.
|
Izina |
Inteko |
Intego |
Amategeko |
|
(u)muntu |
Nt 1 |
ø-mu-ntu |
Nta tegeko |
|
(i)Nama |
Nt 9 |
ø-n-nama / ø-ø-nama |
n→ø/-n / Nta tegeko |
|
(i)kigo |
Nt 7 |
ø-ki-go |
Nta tegeko |
|
Ishati |
Nt 9/ 10 |
i-ø-shati |
Nta tegeko |
|
Isima |
Nt 9/10 |
i-ø-sima |
Nta tegeko |
|
mama |
Nt 1 |
ø-ø-mama |
Nta tegeko |
|
Data |
Nt 1 |
ø-ø-data |
Nta tegeko |
|
So |
Nt 1 |
ø-ø-so |
Nta tegeko |
|
Se |
Nt 1 |
ø-ø-se |
Nta tegeko |
|
Nyina |
Nt 1 |
ø-ø-nyina |
Nta tegeko |
|
Nyoko |
Nt 1 |
ø-ø-nyoko |
Nta tegeko |
I.3 AMAZINA AKOMOKA KU YANDI
Iyo uhimbye amazina ushingiye ku bicumbi by’andi
mazina asanzwe mu rurimi uba ukoze ikomorazina
mvazina.
Ingero:
Umugabo→Mugabo
Ingabo →Ngabo
Imvura →Samvura
Ishuri →Umunyeshuri
Rwanda
→Umunyarwandakazi
Ikirenge →Uburenge
- Hari amazina akomoka ku tubimbura: -nya-, nyira-, sa-, se-, -ene-, mu-ka-, -a-,
|
Izina |
Inteko |
Intego |
Amategeko |
|
Umunyamuryango |
Nt1 |
u-mu-nya-ø-mu-ryango |
Nta tegeko |
|
Abanyamakuru |
Nt2 |
a-ba-nya-ø-ma-kuru |
Nta tegeko |
|
Ikinyamateka |
Nt7 |
i-ki-nya-ø-ma-teka |
Nta tegeko |
|
Akanyabugabo |
Nt12 |
a-ka-nya-ø-bu-gabo |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umunyagisaka |
Nt1 |
u-mu-nya-ø-ki-saka |
k→g/-GR |
|
Umunyeshuri |
Nt1 |
u-mu-nya-i-ø-shuri |
a+i→e |
|
nyirinzu |
Nt1 |
nyira-i-n-zu |
a→ø/-J |
|
nyirurugo |
Nt1 |
nyira-u-ru-go |
a→ø/-J |
|
nyirakanuma |
Nt1 |
nyira-ø-ka-numa |
Nta tegeko |
|
nyirurwanda |
Nt1 |
nyira-u-ru-and-a |
a→ø/-J, u→w/-J |
|
umunyarwandakazi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-nya-ø-ru-and-a-kazi |
u→w/-J |
|
nyirakimonyo |
Nt1 |
nyira-ø-ki-monyo |
Nta tegeko |
|
nyirabyatsi |
Nt1 |
nyira-ø-bi-atsi |
i→y/-J |
|
sabuhoro |
Nt1 |
sa-ø-bu-horo |
Nta tegeko |
|
semasaka |
Nt1 |
se-ø-ma-saka |
Nta tegeko |
|
senkima |
Nt1 |
se-ø-n-kima |
Nta tegeko |
|
beninka |
Nt2 |
ba-ene-i-n-ka |
a→ø/-J, e→ø/-J |
|
Icyenewabo |
Nt7 |
i-ki-ene-u-a-ba-o |
i→y/-J, ky→cy mu nyandiko, u→w/-J,
a→ø/-J |
|
benurugo |
Nt2 |
ba-ene-u-ru-go |
a→ø/-J, e→ø/-J |
|
mukamabano |
Nt1 |
mu-ka-ø-ma-bano |
Nta tegeko |
|
mukamwezi |
Nt1 |
mu-ka-ø-mu-er-yi |
u→w/-J, r+y→z |
|
mukashyaka |
Nt1 |
mu-ka-ø-ø-shyaka |
Nta tegeko |
|
kamanzi |
Nt2 |
ka-a-ø-n-manzi |
a→ø/-J, n→ø/-m |
|
rwamagana |
Nt11 |
ru-a-ø-ma-gana |
u→w/-J |
|
nyakubahwa |
Nt1 |
nya-ku-ubah-w-a |
u→ø/-J |
- Hari amazina akomoka ku misuma n’inyunge: -kazi, -azi, -kuru, -bukwe, -buja,
-rume, -senge
Imisuma sano akenshi ijyana n’uturemajambo nkene
dukurikira:
-
Mama - Ma (rume, bukwe, buja, senge)
-
Nyoko
-
Se (buja, bukwe)
-
So – sogo (buja,
bukwe, kuru)
-
Nyira (rume,
kuru, senge)
|
Izina |
Inteko |
Intego |
Amategeko |
|
Databukwe |
Nt 1 |
ø-ø-data-ø-bu-ko-e |
o→w/-J |
|
Mabukwe |
Nt 1 |
ø-ø-ma-ø-bu-ko-e |
o→w/-J |
|
Sobukwe |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-so-ø-bu-ko-e |
o→w/-J |
|
Nyokobukwe |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-nyoko-ø-bu-ko-e |
o→w/-J |
|
Databuja |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-data-ø-bu-ja |
Nta tegeko |
|
Mabuja |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-ma-ø-bu-ja |
Nta tegeko |
|
Sobuja |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-so-ø-bu-ja |
Nta tegeko |
|
Shebuja |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-se-ø-bu-ja |
Nta tegeko |
|
Nyirabuja |
Nt1 |
nyira-ø-bu-ja |
Nta tegeko |
|
Marume |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-ma-rume |
Nta tegeko |
|
Nyokorume |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-nyoko-rume |
Nta tegeko |
|
Nyirarume |
Nt1 |
nyira-rume |
Nta tegeko |
|
Masenge |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-ma-senge |
Nta tegeko |
|
Nyogosenge |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-nyogo-senge |
Nta tegeko |
|
Nyirasenge |
Nt1 |
nyira-senge |
Nta tegeko |
|
Sekuru |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-se-kuru |
Nta tegeko |
|
Sogokuru |
Nt1 |
ø-ø-sogo-kuru |
Nta tegeko |
|
Nyirakuru |
Nt1 |
nyira-kuru |
Nta tegeko |
I.4 AMAZINA AKOMOKA KU NSHINGA
Ikomorazina mvanshinga rikoresha imisozo: -yi, -i, -e, -o, -a, -u
Izi nshinga
zigira ibicumbi by’imvugwarimwe byihariye:
1.
Kuba -ba-
2.
Guca -ci-
3.
Kujya -gi-
4.
Kugwa -gu-
5.
Guha -ha-
6.
Gushya -hi-
7.
Gucya -ke-
8.
Gukwa -ko-
9.
Kumwa -mo-
10. Kunnya -ne-
11. Kunywa -nyo-
12. Gupfa -pfu-
13. Kurya -ri-
14. Gusa -sa-
15. Gusya -se-
16. Guta -ta-
17. Kuva -vu-
|
Izina |
Inteko |
Intego |
Amategeko |
|
Amataha |
Nt 6 |
a-ma-tah-a |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umwanditsi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-andik-yi |
u→w/-J, k+y→ts |
|
Ikibazo |
Nt7 |
i-ki-baz-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umwijuto |
Nt3 |
u-mu-ijut-o |
u→w/-J |
|
Ingemu |
Nt 9/10 |
i-n-gem*-u |
Nta tegeko |
|
Ibyishimo |
Nt8 |
i-bi-ii-shim-o |
i→y/-J, i→ø/-J |
|
Igikoresho |
Nt7 |
i-ki-kor-ish-o |
k→g/-GR, i→e/Ce- |
|
Igifashi |
Nt7 |
i-ki-fat-yi |
k→g/-GR, t+y→sh |
|
Umukinnyi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-kin-yi |
n+y→nny |
|
Umukino |
Nt3 |
u-mu-kin-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
UMUSOZO -yi |
|||
|
Umukozi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-kor-yi |
r+y→z |
|
Umudozi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-dod-yi |
d+y→z |
|
Umuhinzi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-hing-yi |
g+y→z |
|
Umuhashyi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-hah-yi |
h+y→shy |
|
Umuboshyi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-boh-yi |
h+y→shy |
|
Umutesi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-tet-yi |
t+y→s |
|
Umubaji |
Nt1 |
u-mu-baz-yi |
z+y→j |
|
Umubazi (umubâazi) |
Nt1 |
u-mu-bag-yi |
g+y→z |
|
Umubazi (umubazi) |
Nt1 |
u-mu-bar-yi |
r+y→z |
|
Umutetsi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-tek-yi |
k+y→ts |
|
Umusazi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-sar-yi |
r+y→z |
|
Umucuranzi |
Nt 1 |
u-mu-curang-yi |
g+y→z |
|
Abunzi |
Nt 2 |
a-ba-ung-yi |
a→ø/-J, g+y→z |
|
Abicanyi |
Nt2 |
a-ba-ic-an-yi |
a→ø/-J, n+y→ny |
|
Umwishi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-ic-yi |
c+y→sh |
|
Inkazi |
Nt9/10 |
i-n-kar-yi |
r+y→z |
|
Umuvugizi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-vug-ir-yi |
r+y→z |
|
Ubworozi |
Nt14 |
u-bu-oror-yi |
r+y→z |
|
Umurwayi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-rwar-yi |
r+y→y / r→ø/-y |
|
Umuvuzi (kuvura) |
Nt1 |
u-mu-vur-yi |
r+y→z |
|
Umuvuzi (kuvuga) |
Nt1 |
u-mu-vug-yi |
g+y→z |
|
Umwiyemezi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-iy-emer-yi |
u→w/-J, r+y→z |
|
UMUSOZO -i |
|||
|
Umusyi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-se-i |
e→y/-J |
|
Umunywi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-nyo-i |
o→w/-J |
|
Umuryi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-ri-i |
i→y/-J |
|
Umunnyi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-ne-i |
e→y/-J, n+y→nny |
|
Umuhigi |
Nt1 |
u-mu-hig-i |
Nta tegeko |
|
Injiji (kujija) |
Nt 9/10 |
i-n-jij-i |
Nta tegeko |
|
Injishi (kujisha) |
Nt 9/10 |
i-n-jish-i |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umutoni |
Nt1 |
u-mu-ton-i |
Nta tegeko |
|
Imboni |
Nt9/10 |
i-n-bon-i |
n→m/-b |
|
Urunigi |
Nt11 |
u-ru-nig-i |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umuriri (kurira) |
Nt3 |
u-mu-rir-i |
Nta tegeko |
|
UMUSOZO -e |
|||
|
Umubumbe |
Nt 3 |
u-mu-bumb-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Ubuhinge |
Nt 14 |
u-bu-hing-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Amadahe |
Nt 6 |
a-ma-dah-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umuneke |
Nt3 |
u-mu-nek-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Inteme |
Nt 9/10 |
i-n-tem-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Ubukire |
Nt 14 |
u-bu-kir-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Uburere |
Nt 14 |
u-bu-rer-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Amakare |
Nt 6 |
a-ma-kar-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umuhate |
Nt3 |
u-mu-hat-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Imyigishirize |
Nt4 |
i-mi-ig-ish-ir-ir-y-e |
i→y/-J, r+y→z |
|
Imyigire |
Nt4 |
i-mi-ig-ir-e |
i→y/-J |
|
Imibanire |
Nt4 |
i-mi-ba-an-ir-e |
a→ø/-J |
|
Imibarire |
Nt4 |
i-mi-bar-ir-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Imiterere |
Nt4 |
i-mi-ter-ir-e |
i→e/Ce- |
|
Indonke |
Nt10 |
i-n-ronk-e |
r→d/n- |
|
Indumane |
Nt9/10 |
i-n-rum-an-e |
r→d/n- |
|
Amashimwe |
Nt6 |
a-ma-shim-w-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Imiturire |
Nt4 |
i-mi-tur-ir-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Imivugirwe |
Nt4 |
i-mi-vug-ir-w-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Ingorane |
Nt9/10 |
i-n-gor-an-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
imbeshyerwe |
Nt9 |
i-n-beshy-ir-w-e |
n→m/-b, i→e/Ce- |
|
UMUSOZO -o |
|||
|
Urubambo |
Nt 11 |
u-ru-bamb-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Urudodo |
Nt 11 |
u-ru-dod-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Urusyo |
Nt 11 |
u-ru-se-o |
e→y/-J |
|
Umuhigo |
Nt 3 |
u-mu-hig-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Ihaho |
Nt 5 |
i-ø-hah-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Indyo |
Nt 9/10 |
i-n-ri-o |
r→d/n-, i→y/-J |
|
Urujijo |
Nt 11 |
u-ru-jij-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Ububiko |
Nt 14 |
u-bu-bik-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umukamo |
Nt 3 |
u-mu-kam-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umukino |
Nt 3 |
u-mu-kin-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Isaso |
Nt 9 |
i-ø-sas-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umuheto |
Nt 3 |
u-mu-het-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Imbazo |
Nt 10 |
i-n-baz-o |
n→m/-b |
|
Urwengero |
Nt 11 |
u-ru-eng-ir-o |
u→w/-J, i→e/Ce- |
|
Umuhahano |
Nt 3 |
u-mu-hah-an-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Igikoresho |
Nt 7 |
i-ki-kor-ish-o |
k→g/-GR, i→e/Co- |
|
Insyo |
Nt10 |
i-n-se-o |
e→y/-J |
|
Imboho (kuboha) |
Nt9/10 |
i-n-boh-o |
n→m/-b |
|
Imibonano |
Nt4 |
i-mi-bon-an-o |
Nta tegeko |
|
Imfunguzo |
Nt10 |
i-n-fung-ur-y-o |
n→m/-f, r+y→z |
|
Indoro (kurora) |
Nt9/10 |
i-n-ror-o |
r→d/n- |
|
Agasusuruko |
Nt12 |
a-ka-susuruk-o |
k→g/-GR |
|
Igitariro |
Nt7 |
i-ki-tar-ir-o |
k→g/-GR |
|
UMUSOZO -a |
|||
|
Ikama |
Nt 5 |
i-ø-kam-a |
Nta tegeko |
|
Amataha |
Nt 6 |
a-ma-tah-a |
Nta tegeko |
|
Amakenga |
Nt 6 |
a-ma-keng-a |
Nta tegeko |
|
Amateshwa |
Nt 6 |
a-ma-ta-ish-w-a |
a+i→e |
|
Ubukirigitwa |
Nt14 |
u-bu-kirigit-w-a |
Nta tegeko |
|
Ubuhanga |
Nt14 |
u-bu-hang-a |
Nta tegeko |
|
UMUSOZO -u |
|||
|
Umweru (kwera) |
Nt3 |
u-mu-er-u |
u→w/-J |
|
Igihemu (guhema) |
Nt7 |
i-ki-hem-u |
k→g/-GR |
|
Imungu (kumunga) |
Nt3 |
i-n-mung-u |
n→ø/-m |
|
Imyeru |
Nt4 |
i-mi-er-u |
i→y/-J |
|
Amacumu |
Nt6 |
a-ma-cum-u |
Nta tegeko |
I.4 AMAZINA Y’URUSOBE
|
Izina |
Inteko |
Intego |
Amategeko |
|
Amavuzanduru |
|
a-ma-vug-y-a-ø-n-ruru |
g+y→z , r→d/n- |
|
Umutegarugori |
|
u-mu-teg-a-ø-ru-gori |
Nta tegeko |
|
Iburasirazuba |
|
i-bu-ras-ir-a-ø-ø-zuba |
Nta tegeko |
|
Iburengerazuba |
|
i-bu-reng-ir-a-ø-ø-zuba |
i→e/Ce- |
|
Amajyepfo |
|
a-ma-gi-a-epfo |
i→y/-J, gy→jy mu nyandiko , a→ø/-J |
|
Amajyaruguru |
|
a-ma-gi-a-ruguru |
i→y/-J, gy→jy mu nyandiko |
|
Abagiraneza |
|
a-ba-gir-a-neza |
Nta tegeko |
|
Uturemajambo |
|
u-tu-rem-a-ø-ø-jambo |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umuvandimwe |
|
u-mu-vu-a-ø-n-da-i-mwe |
u→w/-J, a→ø/-J |
|
Umugiraneza |
|
u-mu-gir-a-neza |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umwemeragato |
|
u-mu-emer-a-ka-to |
u→w/-J, k→g/-GR |
|
Ikinamico |
|
i-ø-kin-a-ø-mi-co |
Nta tegeko |
|
Abarenzamase |
|
a-ba-reng-y-a-ø-ma-se |
g+y→z |
|
Umuzirazuba |
|
u-mu-zir-a-ø-ø-zuba |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umuhuzabikorwa |
|
u-mu-hur-y-a-ø-bi-kor-w-a |
r+y→z |
|
Ikibonezamvugo |
|
i-ki-bon-ir-y-a-ø-n-vug-o |
i→e/Co-, r+y→z, n→m/-v |
|
Umwihanduzacumu |
|
u-mu-ii-hand-ur-y-a-ø-ø-cumu |
u→w/-J , r+y→z |
|
Abarwanashyaka |
|
a-ba-rwan-a-ø-ø-shyaka |
Nta tegeko |
|
Igenamajwi |
|
i-ø-gen-a-ø-ma-jwi |
Nta tegeko |
|
Abategarugori |
|
a-ba-teg-a-ø-ru-gori |
Nta tegeko |
|
Ikiryambeba |
|
i-ki-ri-a-ø-n-beba |
i→y/-J, n→m/-b |
|
Umugwagasi |
|
u-mu-gu-a-ø-ka-si |
u→w/-J, k→g/-GR |
|
Imbamutima |
|
i-n-ba-a-ø-mu-tima |
n→m/-b, a→ø/-J |
|
Imbonezamuryango |
|
i-n-bon-ir-y-a-ø-mu-ryango |
n→m/-b, i→e/Co-, r+y→z |
|
Inzirakarengane |
|
i-n-zir-a-ø-ka-reng-an-e |
Nta tegeko |
|
Umugiranabi |
|
u-mu-gir-a-nabi |
Nta tegeko |
II. INTEGO YA NTERA
Ntera
igira uturemajambo tubiri gusa: Indangasano (RS) n’igicumbi (C) kandi
ikagira ibicumbi byayo byihariye, bidahinduka.
Indanganteko
y’izina rijyana/ riri kumwe na ntera ni yo ntera ifataho indangasano yayo. Ntera
n’izina igaragiye bishobora guhuzwa n’inshinga “KUBA”.
|
|
IBICUMBI |
INGERO |
INTEGO |
AMATEGEKO |
|
1. |
/- inshi |
Amazi menshi |
ma-inshi |
a+i→e |
|
2. |
/- iza |
Umukobwa mwiza |
mu-iza |
u→w/-J |
|
3. |
/- gari |
Ibyumba bigari |
bi-gari |
Nta tegeko |
|
4. |
/- ke |
Abana bake |
ba-ke |
Nta tegeko |
|
5. |
/- keya |
Abana bakeya |
ba-keya |
Nta tegeko |
|
6. |
/- toya |
Umusore mutoya |
mu-toya |
Nta tegeko |
|
7. |
/- to |
Igiti gito |
ki-to |
k→g/-GR |
|
8. |
/- toto |
Igiti gitoto |
ki-toto |
k→g/-GR |
|
9. |
/- to-to |
Iriba ritorito |
ri-to-ri-to |
Nta tegeko |
|
10. |
/- zima |
Umuntu muzima |
mu-zima |
Nta tegeko |
|
11. |
/- shya |
Urugo rushya |
ru-shya |
Nta tegeko |
|
12. |
/- shyashya |
Umwenda
mushyashya |
mu-shyashya |
Nta tegeko |
|
13. |
/- bi |
Urugi rubi |
ru-bi |
Nta tegeko |
|
14. |
/- nini |
Amasaka manini |
ma-nini |
Nta tegeko |
|
15. |
/- kuru |
Amashuri makuru |
ma-kuru |
Nta tegeko |
|
16. |
/- tagatifu |
Urugo rutagatifu |
ru-tagatifu |
Nta tegeko |
|
17. |
/- hire |
Urugendo ruhire |
ru-hire |
Nta tegeko |
|
18. |
/- gufi |
Umukobwa mugufi |
mu-gufi |
Nta tegeko |
|
19. |
/- re-re |
Umugabo muremure |
mu-re-mu-re |
Nta tegeko |
|
20. |
/- bisi |
Agati kabisi |
ka-bisi |
Nta tegeko |
|
21. |
/- taraga |
Umukozi mutaraga |
mu-taraga |
Nta tegeko |
|
22. |
/- sa |
Ibijumba bisa |
bi-sa |
Nta tegeko |
|
23. |
/- sa-sa |
Uburo busabusa |
bu-sa-bu-sa |
Nta tegeko |
|
24. |
/- tindi |
Umutego mutindi |
mu-tindi |
Nta tegeko |
|
25. |
/- niya |
Agasimba kaniya |
ka-niya |
Nta tegeko |
|
26. |
/- nuya |
Agasimba kanuya |
ka-nuya |
Nta tegeko |
|
27. |
/- nzinya |
Agasimba kanzinya |
ka-nzinya |
Nta tegeko |
|
28. |
/- niniya |
Agasimba kanzinya |
ka-nzinya |
Nta tegeko |
|
29. |
/- nunuya |
Agasimba kanunuya |
ka-nunuya |
Nta tegeko |
|
30. |
/- niniriya |
Agasimba kaniniriya |
ka-niniriya |
Nta tegeko |
|
31. |
/- nziginya |
Udushaza tunzinya |
tu-nzinya |
Nta tegeko |
|
32. |
/- nzunyu |
Ishaza rinzunyu |
ri-nzunyu |
Nta tegeko |
|
33. |
/- nzugurunya |
Agati kanzugurunya |
ka-nzugurunya |
Nta tegeko |
|
34. |
/- gufiya |
Umuntu mugufiya |
mu-gufiya |
Nta tegeko |
|
35. |
/- keya |
Amazi makeya |
ma-keya |
Nta tegeko |
|
36. |
/- toya |
Ikaramu ntoya |
n-toya |
Nta tegeko |
|
NTERA ITISANISHIJE |
||||
|
|
/-to |
Umubyeyi gito |
ki-to |
k→g/-GR |
|
|
/-sa |
Ibigori gusa |
ku-sa |
k→g/-GR |
III.
INTEGO Y’IBINYAZINA
Iyo
ibinyazina byisanisha ku mazina biri kumwe cyangwa bisimbuye, byifashisha
indakinyazina/ indangasano 16 zikurikira: u,
ba, u, i, ri, a, ki, bi, n, n, ru, ka, tu, bu, ku, ha.
III.1 IKINYAZINA NYEREKA
|
Inteko |
RS |
/- ø |
/- no |
/- o |
/- riya |
/- rya |
/- a |
|
1. |
u |
Uyu mwana u-yu-ø |
Uno u-no |
Uwo u-o |
Uriya u-riya |
Urya u-rya |
Wa u-a |
|
2. |
ba |
Aba bagabo a-ba-ø |
Bano ba-no |
Abo a-ba-o |
Bariya ba-riya |
Barya ba-rya |
Ba ba-a |
|
3. |
u |
Uyu mugezi u-yu-ø |
Uno u-no |
Uwo u-u-o |
Uriya u-riya |
Urya u-rya |
Wa u-a |
|
4. |
i |
Iyi migezi i-yi-ø |
Ino i-no |
Iyo i-i-o |
Iriya i-riya |
Irya i-rya |
Ya i-a |
|
5. |
ri |
Iri riba i-ri-ø |
Rino ri-no |
Iryo i-ri-o |
Ririya ri-riya |
Rirya ri-rya |
Rya ri-a |
|
6. |
a |
Aya mata a-ya-ø |
Ano a-no |
Ayo a-a-o |
Ariya a-riya |
Arya a-rya |
Ya a-a |
|
7. |
ki |
Iki kibindi i-ki-ø |
Kino ki-no |
Icyo i-ki-o |
Kiriya ki-riya |
Kirya ki-rya |
Cya ki-a |
|
8. |
bi |
Ibi bitoki i-bi-ø |
Bino bi-no |
Ibyo i-bi-o |
Biriya bi-riya |
Birya bi-rya |
Bya bi-a |
|
9. |
i |
Iyi hene i-yi-ø |
Ino i-no |
Iyo i-i-o |
Iriya i-riya |
Irya i-rya |
Ya i-a |
|
10. |
zi |
Izi hene i-zi-ø |
Zino zi-no |
Izo i-zi-o |
Ziriya zi-riya |
Zirya zi-rya |
Za zi-a |
|
11. |
ru |
Uru rwara u-ru-ø |
Runo ru-no |
Urwo u-ru-o |
Ruriya ru-riya |
Rurya ru-rya |
Rwa ru-a |
|
12. |
ka |
Aka kana a-ka-ø |
Kano ka-no |
Ako a-ka-o |
Kariya ka-riya |
Karya ka-rya |
Ka ka-a |
|
13. |
tu |
Utu duti u-tu-ø |
Tuno tu-no |
Utwo u-tu-o |
Turiya tu-riya |
Turya tu-rya |
Twa tu-a |
|
14. |
bu |
Ubu bwato u-bu-ø |
Buno bu-no |
Ubwo u-bu-o |
Buriya bu-riya |
Burya bu-rya |
Bwa bu-a |
|
15. |
ku |
Uku kuboko u-ku-ø |
Kuno ku-no |
Uko u-ku-o |
Kuriya ku-riya |
Kurya ku-rya |
Kwa ku-a |
|
16. |
ha |
Aha hantu a-ha-ø |
Hano ha-no |
Aho a-ha-o |
Hariya ha-riya |
Harya ha-rya |
Ha ha-a |
|
|
|
Byerekana
ibiri hafi |
Byerekana
ibiri kure |
Byibutsa icyo
mwabonye |
|||
III.2 IKINYAZINA MBANZIRIZA
Gisimbura/ gihagararira izina ribanjirije inshinga
kandi kikagira buri gihe igicumbi /- ô (yumvikanaho
isaku nyejuru)
|
Inteko |
RS |
Ikinyazina mbanziriza |
Intego |
Amategeko |
|
1. |
u |
Uwo nabyaye arananiye |
u-u-o |
u→w/-J |
|
2. |
ba |
Abo nshaka ndababonye |
a-ba-o |
a→ø/-J |
|
3. |
u |
Uwo nzahinga uzera |
u-u-o |
u→w/-J |
|
4. |
i |
Iyo mfite ni umukara |
i-i-o |
i→y/-J |
|
5. |
ri |
Iryo tuvomaho ryakamye |
i-ri-o |
i→y/-J |
|
6. |
a |
Ayo ikamwa araryoha |
a-a-o |
a→y/-J |
|
7. |
ki |
Icyo nokeje ubu cyahiye |
i-ki-o |
i→y/-J, ky→cy mu nyandiko |
|
8. |
bi |
Ibyo abasaba byose mubikore |
i-bi-o |
i→y/-J |
|
9. |
i |
Iyo nahawe ubu irahaka |
i-i-o |
i→y/-J |
|
10. |
zi |
Izo nkoresha zarashaje |
i-zi-o |
i→ø/-J |
|
11. |
ru |
Urwo mfite rufungura hano |
u-ru-o |
u→w/-J |
|
12. |
ka |
Ako yabyaye karashimishije |
a-ka-o |
a→ø/-J |
|
13. |
tu |
Utwo natemye ntiturera |
u-tu-o |
u→w/-J |
|
14. |
bu |
Ubwo nahinze bwareze |
u-bu-o |
u→w/-J |
|
15. |
ku |
Uko navunitse ni uku |
u-ku-o |
u→ø/-J |
|
16. |
ha |
Aho dutuye si kure |
a-ha-o |
a→ø/-J |
|
17. |
ku |
Uko |
u-ku-o |
a→ø/-J |
|
18. |
mu |
Umwo |
u-mu-o |
u→w/-J |
|
19. |
i |
Iyo |
i-i-o |
i→y/-J |
III.3 IKINYAZINA MPAMAGAZI
Ni ikinyazina gifite ingingo yo guhamagara.
Kibanziriza izina ry’igihamagawe ndetse kikanaritesha indomo iyo riyifite. Iryo
zina kandi rikurikirwa n’ikinyazina ngenga bityo kikagira inyito itsindagiriza.
Ikinyazina mpamagazi kiba muri ngenga ya kabiri
gusa, mu bumwe cyangwa mu bwinshi bitewe n’ijambo gisobanura. Kigira indangasano
“u- na “mu-”n’igicumbi /-a
|
Ngenga |
Ikinyazina |
Intego |
Amategeko |
|
2. Ubumwe |
Wa nka we kuki wona? |
u-a |
u→w/-J |
|
2. Ubwinshi |
Mwa bagabo mwe muruhuke. |
mu-a |
u→w/-J |
III.4 IKINYAZINA NGENERA
Gihuza amazina abiri yuzuzanya kandi afitanye isano,
izina n’imbundo, izina n’indangahantu ndetse n’izina n’ikinyazina nyamubaro. Ni
cyo kinyazina gikatwa iyo gikurikiwe n’izina ritangirwa n’inyajwi.
Kigira ibicumbi bibiri gusa /-o na /-a
|
Inteko |
RS |
/- a |
Intego |
/- o |
Intego |
|
1. |
u |
Umwana wa Kamana |
u-a |
Umwana wo gutuma |
u-o |
|
2 |
ba |
Abana ba Kamana |
ba-a |
Abana bo gutuma |
ba-o |
|
3. |
u |
Umurima w’ibijumba |
u-a |
Umweyo wo gukubura |
u-o |